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Maintenance Application Format under Section 144 BNSS (Section 125 CrPC)

Sections 144 to 147, Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 [old Sections 125 to 128 CrPC]; Section 7, Family Courts Act, 1984

Free sample · Word, print and copy · Updated

Sample format, not legal advice. This is a sample format for general information. It is not legal advice and does not create a lawyer–client relationship. Facts, court practice, court fees and stamp duty differ by state and by case. Check the current law and your local court rules, or speak to an advocate, before you file, send or sign it.

A maintenance application under Section 144 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023 (BNSS, old Section 125 CrPC) asks the court to order a person with sufficient means to pay a monthly allowance to a wife, child or parent whom that person has neglected or refused to maintain. It is a quick, summary remedy meant to prevent destitution, and it is available whatever the religion of the parties.

Who can claim: a wife unable to maintain herself (including a divorced wife who has not remarried), a minor child, a major child unable to maintain itself because of physical or mental abnormality or injury, and a father or mother unable to maintain themselves. It is filed before the Family Court where one exists, or else before the Judicial Magistrate First Class. It differs from interim maintenance under Section 24 of the Hindu Marriage Act, which is claimed inside a pending divorce case, and from monetary relief under Section 20 of the Domestic Violence Act.

Filed before
Family Court; where none exists, Judicial Magistrate First Class
Filed by
Wife, child (through guardian if minor) or parent
Where
Where the respondent is, where he or the wife resides, where he last lived with the wife, or where the claimant parent resides (S.145(1) BNSS)
Time limit
None for filing; arrears can be enforced through the court only if sought within one year of falling due
Interim maintenance
Second proviso to S.144(1) BNSS; to be decided within 60 days of notice as far as possible
Court fee
Nil or nominal, depending on state rules

When to use this format

  • A wife has been forced to leave, or lives separately for a justified reason, and the husband does not support her.
  • A father does not support his minor child, or a disabled adult child, living with the other parent.
  • Elderly parents who cannot support themselves are neglected by a son or daughter with sufficient means.
  • A divorced wife who has not remarried and cannot maintain herself seeks support from her former husband.
  • For parents and senior citizens, a quicker tribunal remedy is also available — see the senior citizen maintenance application.

Application for maintenance under Section 144 BNSS

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Replace everything in [square brackets] with your own details. Delete lines that do not apply.

IN THE COURT OF THE [PRINCIPAL JUDGE, FAMILY COURT / JUDICIAL MAGISTRATE FIRST CLASS], [PLACE], [STATE]

Maintenance Petition No. ______ of [YEAR]

IN THE MATTER OF:

1. [NAME OF APPLICANT NO. 1]
W/o / D/o / S/o [NAME]
Aged about [AGE] years
R/o [FULL RESIDENTIAL ADDRESS WITH PIN]

2. [NAME OF MINOR CHILD, IF ANY]
Aged about [AGE] years, minor, through mother and natural guardian [NAME OF APPLICANT NO. 1]
R/o [ADDRESS]
... Applicants

Versus

[NAME OF RESPONDENT]
S/o / D/o [FATHER'S NAME]
Aged about [AGE] years
Occupation: [OCCUPATION AND EMPLOYER]
R/o [FULL ADDRESS WITH PIN]
... Respondent

APPLICATION UNDER SECTION 144 OF THE BHARATIYA NAGARIK SURAKSHA SANHITA, 2023 [SECTION 125 OF THE CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, 1973] FOR GRANT OF MONTHLY MAINTENANCE, WITH A PRAYER FOR INTERIM MAINTENANCE

MOST RESPECTFULLY SHOWETH:

1. That Applicant No. 1 is the [LEGALLY WEDDED WIFE / DIVORCED WIFE WHO HAS NOT REMARRIED / FATHER / MOTHER] of the Respondent. [FOR A WIFE: The Applicant and the Respondent were married on [DATE] at [PLACE] according to [RITES / LAW], and the marriage was registered vide Certificate No. [NUMBER].] [FOR A PARENT: The Respondent is the [SON / DAUGHTER] of the Applicant.]

2. That [APPLICANT NO. 2, [NAME], born on [DATE OF BIRTH], is the minor child of the Respondent and is living with Applicant No. 1] / [NO CHILD WAS BORN OF THE MARRIAGE].

3. That [FOR A WIFE: the Applicant lived with the Respondent at [ADDRESS] till [DATE]. On [DATE], the Respondent [TURNED THE APPLICANT OUT OF THE MATRIMONIAL HOME / FORCED HER TO LEAVE / DESERTED HER], and since then the Applicant has been living at [ADDRESS] with [PARENTS / RELATIVES]. BRIEFLY STATE THE REASON FOR LIVING SEPARATELY, e.g. cruelty, dowry demands, desertion.] [FOR A PARENT: describe the Applicant's age, health and dependence on the Respondent.]

4. That the Applicant(s) are unable to maintain themselves. [STATE THE APPLICANT'S POSITION: no job or income / earning only Rs. [AMOUNT] per month as [OCCUPATION], which is not enough to live according to the standard of living enjoyed in the matrimonial home / dependent on aged parents.]

5. That the Respondent has sufficient means. The Respondent is working as [DESIGNATION] with [EMPLOYER / BUSINESS] and earns about Rs. [AMOUNT] per month. The Respondent also owns [IMMOVABLE PROPERTY / AGRICULTURAL LAND / VEHICLES / RENTAL INCOME / OTHER ASSETS]. The Respondent has [NO OTHER DEPENDANTS / THE FOLLOWING DEPENDANTS: [DETAILS]].

6. That despite having sufficient means, the Respondent has neglected and refused to maintain the Applicant(s) since [DATE]. [GIVE INSTANCES: requests made on [DATES] were refused / no money sent since [DATE] / legal notice dated [DATE] was ignored.]

7. That the reasonable monthly needs of the Applicant(s) are as follows:
(a) Food and household expenses: Rs. [AMOUNT]
(b) Rent / accommodation: Rs. [AMOUNT]
(c) Medical expenses: Rs. [AMOUNT]
(d) Education and other needs of the child: Rs. [AMOUNT]
(e) Clothing, travel and other expenses: Rs. [AMOUNT]
Total: Rs. [TOTAL AMOUNT] per month.

8. That the Applicant(s) are filing, along with this application, an Affidavit of Disclosure of Assets and Liabilities in the format prescribed by the Supreme Court in Rajnesh v. Neha (2020). The Respondent may be directed to file a similar affidavit.

9. That [NO OTHER PROCEEDING FOR MAINTENANCE IS PENDING BETWEEN THE PARTIES] / [THE FOLLOWING PROCEEDINGS ARE PENDING OR DECIDED: [COURT, CASE NUMBER, PROVISION (e.g. Section 24 HMA / Section 20 DV Act), AMOUNT AWARDED, IF ANY]].

10. That the Applicant(s) are in urgent need of support and the expenses of this proceeding, and are entitled to interim maintenance during its pendency under the second proviso to Section 144(1) BNSS.

11. That this Hon'ble Court has jurisdiction under Section 145(1) BNSS [Section 126(1) CrPC] because [THE RESPONDENT RESIDES / THE APPLICANT WIFE RESIDES / THE PARTIES LAST RESIDED TOGETHER / THE APPLICANT PARENT RESIDES] at [PLACE], within the local limits of this Court.

PRAYER

It is therefore most respectfully prayed that this Hon'ble Court may be pleased to:

(a) direct the Respondent to pay monthly maintenance of Rs. [AMOUNT] to Applicant No. 1 and Rs. [AMOUNT] to Applicant No. 2, from the date of this application, under Section 144(1) and (2) BNSS;

(b) direct the Respondent to pay interim maintenance of Rs. [AMOUNT] per month and Rs. [AMOUNT] towards the expenses of this proceeding during its pendency, under the second proviso to Section 144(1) BNSS;

(c) direct the Respondent to file an Affidavit of Disclosure of Assets and Liabilities; and

(d) pass any other order that this Hon'ble Court considers just and proper.

[SIGNATURE]
Applicant(s)
[NAME]

Through Counsel:
[ADVOCATE'S NAME], Enrolment No. [NUMBER]
[CHAMBER ADDRESS] | [MOBILE NUMBER]

Place: [PLACE]
Date: [DATE]

VERIFICATION

Verified at [PLACE] on [DATE] that the contents of paragraphs 1 to 11 above are true and correct to my knowledge and belief, and nothing material has been concealed.

[SIGNATURE]
Applicant No. 1 (for self and as natural guardian of Applicant No. 2)

How to fill it in

  1. Choose the court and placeFile in the Family Court if one has been set up for the area; otherwise before the Judicial Magistrate First Class. Under Section 145(1) BNSS you can file where the respondent is, where he or the wife resides, where he last lived with the wife, or, for a parent, where the parent resides. State the basis in paragraph 11.
  2. Show the relationshipGive the marriage date and registration, the child's date of birth, or the parent-child relationship. Attach proof. A wife whose marriage is disputed should give every detail of the ceremony and later cohabitation.
  3. Show inability and neglectThe two legal tests are that the claimant cannot maintain herself or himself, and that the respondent, having enough means, has neglected or refused to do so. Some earning by the wife does not bar the claim if it is not enough to live at the standard she enjoyed in the matrimonial home.
  4. Give the respondent's income in detailMention salary, employer, business, rent, land, vehicles and lifestyle. Courts rely heavily on the affidavits of assets and liabilities, salary slips and bank statements, so ask for the respondent's documents if you do not have them.
  5. File the Rajnesh affidavitIn Rajnesh v. Neha (2020) the Supreme Court made an Affidavit of Disclosure of Assets and Liabilities compulsory for both parties in all maintenance cases, including those under Section 125 CrPC (now Section 144 BNSS). File yours with the application.
  6. Disclose other maintenance casesIf maintenance is already claimed or awarded under the Hindu Marriage Act, the Domestic Violence Act or any other law, say so in paragraph 9. Courts adjust amounts awarded in one case against the other, and concealment hurts credibility.
  7. Press for interim maintenanceAsk for interim maintenance and litigation expenses at the first hearing. The third proviso to Section 144(1) asks courts to decide the interim prayer within sixty days of service of notice, as far as possible.

Documents to attach

  • Marriage certificate, wedding photographs or other proof of marriage
  • Birth certificate of each child claiming maintenance
  • Affidavit of Disclosure of Assets and Liabilities (Rajnesh v. Neha format)
  • Proof of the respondent's income: salary slips, Form 16, ITR, business or property documents, if available
  • Proof of the applicant's expenses: school fees, rent receipts, medical bills
  • Copy of any legal notice demanding maintenance and its reply
  • Copies of other pending or decided maintenance, divorce or DV cases
  • Identity and address proof of the applicant
  • Vakalatnama, if filing through an advocate

After the order: alteration and enforcement

Either side can ask the court to increase or reduce the amount when circumstances change, under Section 146 BNSS [Section 127 CrPC]. If the respondent does not pay, the court can issue a warrant to recover the amount as if it were a fine and can send the respondent to prison for up to one month for each month's unpaid allowance, or until payment, under Section 144(3) BNSS. File the recovery application within one year of the amount falling due. Under Section 147 BNSS [Section 128 CrPC], the order can be enforced wherever the respondent is.

Common mistakes

  • Asking for interim maintenance under 'Section 144(2) BNSS'; the power to grant interim maintenance is in the second proviso to Section 144(1). Section 144(2) only fixes the date from which the allowance is payable.
  • Not filing the Affidavit of Disclosure of Assets and Liabilities required by Rajnesh v. Neha (2020).
  • Hiding the applicant's own income or job, which can lead to a lower award or dismissal.
  • Not stating why the wife lives separately; refusing to live with the husband without sufficient reason is a ground to refuse maintenance under Section 144(4).
  • Not disclosing maintenance already claimed in a divorce or DV case.
  • Letting arrears pile up for more than a year without filing a recovery application.

Frequently asked questions

Is there a maximum amount of maintenance under Section 144 BNSS?
No. The old ceiling of Rs. 500 per month was removed from Section 125 CrPC in 2001, and Section 144 BNSS has no cap. The court fixes a reasonable amount based on the respondent's income, the applicant's needs and the standard of living of the family.
Can a Muslim woman claim maintenance under Section 144 BNSS?
Yes. In Mohd. Abdul Samad v. State of Telangana (2024), the Supreme Court held that a divorced Muslim woman can claim maintenance under Section 125 CrPC (now Section 144 BNSS), and the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986 does not take away that remedy.
From what date is maintenance payable?
Under Section 144(2) BNSS, maintenance is payable from the date of the order or, if the court so orders, from the date of the application. In Rajnesh v. Neha (2020) the Supreme Court directed that maintenance should be awarded from the date of the application.
Can a working wife claim maintenance?
Yes, if her income is not enough to maintain herself at the standard she enjoyed in the matrimonial home. The question is not whether she earns at all, but whether she is able to maintain herself.
Can parents claim maintenance from a married daughter?
Yes. Section 144 BNSS uses the word 'person', and the Supreme Court held in Vijaya Manohar Arbat v. Kashirao Rajaram Sawai (1987) that a daughter with sufficient means is also liable to maintain parents who cannot maintain themselves.
When can a wife be refused maintenance?
Under Section 144(4) BNSS, a wife is not entitled to maintenance if she is living in adultery, if she refuses to live with her husband without sufficient reason, or if the spouses are living separately by mutual consent.

Reminder: This is a sample format for general information. It is not legal advice and does not create a lawyer–client relationship. Facts, court practice, court fees and stamp duty differ by state and by case. Check the current law and your local court rules, or speak to an advocate, before you file, send or sign it. Spotted an error? Tell us.